Learner note. Highly irregular; used as auxiliary for itself and many intransitive/reflexive verbs.
- Sono italiano.I am Italian.
- Ieri sono stato al mare.Yesterday I was at the beach.
stemending regular ending irr breaks the pattern · tap any form to hear it
Indicativo Indicative
PresentePresent
Presente of essere| io | (irregular; regular pattern would give esso) |
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| tu | (irregular; regular pattern would give essi) |
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| lui/lei | (irregular; regular pattern would give esse) |
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| noi | (irregular; regular pattern would give essiamo) |
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| voi | (irregular; regular pattern would give essete) |
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| loro | (irregular; regular pattern would give essono) |
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Passato prossimoPresent perfect
Passato prossimo of essere| io | (irregular) |
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| tu | (irregular) |
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| lui/lei | (irregular) |
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| noi | (irregular) |
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| voi | (irregular) |
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| loro | (irregular) |
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ImperfettoImperfect
Imperfetto of essere| io | (irregular; regular pattern would give essevo) |
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| tu | (irregular; regular pattern would give essevi) |
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| lui/lei | (irregular; regular pattern would give esseva) |
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| noi | (irregular; regular pattern would give essevamo) |
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| voi | (irregular; regular pattern would give essevate) |
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| loro | (irregular; regular pattern would give essevano) |
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Futuro sempliceFuture
Futuro semplice of essere| io | (irregular; regular pattern would give esserò) |
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| tu | (irregular; regular pattern would give esserai) |
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| lui/lei | (irregular; regular pattern would give esserà) |
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| noi | (irregular; regular pattern would give esseremo) |
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| voi | (irregular; regular pattern would give esserete) |
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| loro | (irregular; regular pattern would give esseranno) |
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Trapassato prossimoPast perfect
Trapassato prossimo of essere| io | (irregular) |
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| tu | (irregular) |
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| lui/lei | (irregular) |
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| noi | (irregular) |
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| voi | (irregular) |
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| loro | (irregular) |
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Passato remotoRemote past
Passato remoto of essere| io | (irregular; regular pattern would give essei) |
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| tu | (irregular; regular pattern would give essesti) |
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| lui/lei | (irregular; regular pattern would give essé) |
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| noi | (irregular; regular pattern would give essemmo) |
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| voi | (irregular; regular pattern would give esseste) |
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| loro | (irregular; regular pattern would give esserono) |
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Futuro anterioreFuture perfect
Futuro anteriore of essere| io | (irregular) |
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| tu | (irregular) |
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| lui/lei | (irregular) |
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| noi | (irregular) |
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| voi | (irregular) |
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| loro | (irregular) |
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Trapassato remotoPreterite perfect (literary)
Trapassato remoto of essere| io | (irregular) |
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| tu | (irregular) |
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| lui/lei | (irregular) |
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| noi | (irregular) |
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| voi | (irregular) |
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| loro | (irregular) |
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Congiuntivo Subjunctive
Congiuntivo presentePresent subjunctive
Congiuntivo presente of essere| io | (irregular; regular pattern would give essa) |
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| tu | (irregular; regular pattern would give essa) |
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| lui/lei | (irregular; regular pattern would give essa) |
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| noi | (irregular; regular pattern would give essiamo) |
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| voi | (irregular; regular pattern would give essiate) |
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| loro | (irregular; regular pattern would give essano) |
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Congiuntivo passatoPast subjunctive
Congiuntivo passato of essere| io | (irregular) |
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| tu | (irregular) |
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| lui/lei | (irregular) |
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| noi | (irregular) |
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| voi | (irregular) |
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| loro | (irregular) |
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Congiuntivo imperfettoImperfect subjunctive
Congiuntivo imperfetto of essere| io | (irregular; regular pattern would give essessi) |
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| tu | (irregular; regular pattern would give essessi) |
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| lui/lei | (irregular; regular pattern would give essesse) |
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| noi | (irregular; regular pattern would give essessimo) |
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| voi | (irregular; regular pattern would give esseste) |
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| loro | (irregular; regular pattern would give essessero) |
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Congiuntivo trapassatoPluperfect subjunctive
Congiuntivo trapassato of essere| io | (irregular) |
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| tu | (irregular) |
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| lui/lei | (irregular) |
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| noi | (irregular) |
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| voi | (irregular) |
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| loro | (irregular) |
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Condizionale Conditional
Condizionale presentePresent conditional
Condizionale presente of essere| io | (irregular; regular pattern would give esserei) |
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| tu | (irregular; regular pattern would give esseresti) |
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| lui/lei | (irregular; regular pattern would give esserebbe) |
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| noi | (irregular; regular pattern would give esseremmo) |
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| voi | (irregular; regular pattern would give essereste) |
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| loro | (irregular; regular pattern would give esserebbero) |
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Condizionale passatoPast conditional
Condizionale passato of essere| io | (irregular) |
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| tu | (irregular) |
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| lui/lei | (irregular) |
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| noi | (irregular) |
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| voi | (irregular) |
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| loro | (irregular) |
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Imperativo Imperative
ImperativoCommands
Imperativo of essere| (tu) | (irregular; regular pattern would give essi) |
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| (noi) | (irregular; regular pattern would give essiamo) |
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| (voi) | (irregular; regular pattern would give essete) |
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Essere FAQ
How do you conjugate essere in the present tense?
Essere in the Italian presente: io sono, tu sei, lui/lei è, noi siamo, voi siete, loro sono.
What is the Passato prossimo of essere?
io sono stato, tu sei stato, lui/lei è stato, noi siamo stati, voi siete stati, loro sono stati. Essere uses essere as its auxiliary.
Is essere irregular?
Yes. Essere has irregular forms in 15 tenses; they are the forms on dark tiles in the tables above.
What does essere mean in English?
Essere means “to be”. The past participle is stato.